The
congregation of Rodfei Sholem Anshei Kiev, commonly known
as the "Kiever", dates back to 1912. Several
men living in the Ward decided to start a synagogue that
would be run according to their traditions of Orthodox
Judaism.
Some of the founders included: B. B. Smith, Yehudah Leib "Louis" Bossin,
Isaac Mosten, Jake Dubin, Harry Cohen, and Wolf Ganz.
Their occupations were typical of new immigrants, working
as carpenters, blacksmiths, tailors, and peddlers. The
first few members had little means for funding a new synagogue
in 1912, so services at this time were held in a rented
house on Centre Avenue in the Ward. Since the congregation
could not afford to pay a rabbi, members, including Cantor
Herschel Litvak, led religious services at this time.
The congregation was officially recognized by the Province
in 1914.
The
men of the new congregation involved their families and
friends in operating the Kiever. For instance, fathers
brought their sons to services. B.B.
Smith,
whose father was one of the founders, remembers attending
services with his father on the Sabbath and holidays. click for audio
The founders formed an Executive to run the congregation,
in which positions were often passed down from father
to son. Family involvement in the Synagogue meant that
as families grew, so did the membership of the congregation.
Other members were attracted to the new congregation by
co-workers or friends who were members. click for audio
As membership expanded and revenues from annual dues increased,
the Kiever accumulated enough money to purchase a larger
site to accommodate its congregation of about 50 members.
In
1917, the Kiever acquired a house at 25 Bellevue Avenue
near Kensington Market. Member Louis Bossin mortgaged
this house, which was situated at the corner of Bellevue
Avenue and Denison Street, for $6000 on behalf of the
congregation. The house was once the site of Colonel George
T. Denison’s Belle Vue estate home, which was demolished
in 1889. In five years’ time, the area had become
densely populated. By 1915, at least thirty-one households
on Bellevue Avenue were identified as Jewish, reflecting
a move away from the Ward.1
The
Kiever organized a ceremony on October 28, 1917 to celebrate
the opening of the shul’s new home. One of Toronto’s
most prominent spiritual leaders of the time, Rabbi Meyer
H. Levy, was invited to lead the celebrations. Four years
after the acquisition of 25 Bellevue, the congregation
expanded into the neighbouring house to the east.
It
was not until 1923 that the Kiever congregation raised
enough funds to build a synagogue large enough to accommodate
its growing numbers. The Kiever Executive contracted Benjamin
Swartz, a Jewish architect, to design the current synagogue
at 25 Bellevue, which replaced the two houses that had
been used for services. During construction, services
continued in members’ homes, including the home
of Mr. Silverman at 29
Wales Avenue,
just across from 25 Bellevue.
The
Synagogue was completed in 1927, after three years of
construction. The new building had a capacity to hold
up to 400 people. Although the Kiever has never had more
than 250 members, the additional space was required to
accommodate the High Holiday crowds. Rabbi Solomon Langner
became the spiritual leader of the congregation and continued
in this capacity until his death in 1973. Equipped with
a rabbi and a proper synagogue, the Kiever was able to
play a larger role in the Toronto Jewish community. The
shul offered Yiddish
and bar-mitzvah
lessons, a youth minyan
led by Fischel
Cooper,
a credit society, as well as a women’s auxiliary.
The
Synagogue thrived for several decades until the 1950s,
when Jews began leaving the downtown core for the north
end of town. As a result, the Kiever could no longer financially
afford to open the Synagogue for regular services. Many
congregants remained members in spite of the fact that
they could only attend services on High Holidays.
They therefore felt the need to continue to support the
Kiever, since many members grew up going to the Kiever
and have continued to feel a personal connection with
the history of the Synagogue.
1 Edna Hudson,
Bellevue Avenue: An Architectural and Social Study, (Toronto:
Toronto Region Architectural Conservancy, July 1993),
p. 32.
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Mr.
and Mrs. Harry Litvak (1939) |
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Certificate of Incorporation
of the "First Russion Congregation of Rodfesolim
Ansekiev" (1914)
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The constitution of the Congregation
Rodfei Shulem Anshe Kiew (1913)
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Belle Vue - The Home
of Lt. Colonel George Taylor Denison (c. 1880s)
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Lt. Colonel George Taylor Denison
(c. 1860)
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Watercolour of Bellevue Avenue
(1979)
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Harry Goldman - Helped Build
the Kiever (1930)
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